With the rising level of automobile production and the corresponding world share is based on rapid industrialization in Asia, Africa and Latin America and the growing demand in Eastern Europe, the share of textiles in the car increases in response to stricter comfort and safety needs in developing countries like the U.S., Japan and Western Europe.
With the rising level of automobile production and the corresponding world share is based on rapid industrialization in Asia, Africa and Latin America and the growing demand in Eastern Europe, the share of textiles in the car increases in response to stricter comfort and safety needs in developing countries like the U.S., Japan and Western Europe.
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Automobile textiles, which are not clothing textiles are widely used in vehicles such as cars, trains, buses, aircraft and marine vehicles. Thus, the term automobile textiles means all kinds of textile components, such as fibers, filaments, yarns and fabrics used in cars.
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is projected to be nearly 45 square meters of textile materials used in car interior trim (seating, titles, side panels, carpets and trunk). According to the survey, the percentage of textiles in the car is 2 percent of the total weight of the car. In addition, visible parts of textiles, eliminating the hidden components such as rubber and composites, hoses and filters, is 10-11 kg per vehicle in absolute terms. Industrial textiles are mainly used in vehicles and systems, including cars, buses, trains, aircraft and marine vehicles. In the automotive industry, textiles, four types of fabrics are used, as follows:
. Airbag fabric
. Fabrics used as a basis for reducing the weight of body parts
. Tyre cord fabric
. Automotive upholstery and other textile fabrics used in the vehicle
air bag and seat belt use as a security measure as one of the newest types of textiles in the cars and have the potential markets for technical textiles, which has significant room for growth and development. Due to government regulations and consumer interests, applications were very successful in the past ten to fifteen years.
In the last decade, air bags, inflatable or restrictions have received mention as an important protection for the driver and passengers in the event of an accident. In the beginning, bags for a frontal collision, but now, there are many other security devices such as side impact bags, knee strengthen, side curtains, etc., are available for safety in any type of collision. Given that frontal collisions are the main reason for accidental deaths, airbags were introduced as standard in a vehicle by law, which is due to the rapid growth of air bag business in the last decade. NHTSA and the HHS report that the front has played an important role in saving thousands of lives since 1985. In 2002 alone, the air bag 20 percent reduction in fatalities result of a fatal crash is observed.
In 1999, there were 55 million cars with 81 million airbags. In 2004, the number of frontal airbag unit is almost 100 million, a number of side air bags, nearly 65 million. In the same year, almost 23 percent of new vehicles in North America are side airbags for chest protection and 17 percent are side airbags for head protection. By 2005, this increased to 180 million air bags and 65 million vehicles.
Fabric applications demand has increased to 325 million square meters in 2005, and 83 tons of fiber, generally nylon was used.
Fabric applications demand has increased to 325 million square meters in 2005, and 83 tons of fiber, generally nylon was used.
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While North America and Western Europe markets is growing, significant development is also seen in the international market. How to develop new applications for airbags, including rear seat bags, inflatable seat belts and air bags outside the system for pedestrians, new fabrics and combinations primjenjuju.Sprijeda and passenger bags have different requirements because of the distance from the passengers, but they both have fast growth and deflation in a very short time.
Rollover bags should be inflated to five seconds. In addition to new uses, expected trends include lighter fabric for use with newer "cold inflation", blended with materials such as fabrics and films, the new coating polymers (silicone, now dominated by a neoprene replaced ).
The growth of security devices inside the car
Increasing the electronics and security devices require more space inside, along with new concepts for the arrangement.
the world market for PA airbag yarn
fiber manufacturers Accordis Industrial Fibers BV, Arnhem / Netherlands reported that the global market for PA airbag is 84 000 tons in 2005.
airbag
airbag
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Air bags were first introduced in the late 1960s, but it was only in 1990 that their use has increased remarkably and it is set to grow further. This confirms the research and development is still in the design, implementation, and the base fabric material.
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Approximately 1.42 meter2 fabric is needed to produce a driver ¬ side airbags to light trucks. This estimate gives an idea that the airbag market is of great importance for the use of technical textiles. Air bags are usually made from coated or uncoated fabric PA 6.6 yarn with less air permeability.
cloth bag is included as part of the textile component of the airbag, which is folded in the center of the wheel (the driver) or in the glove compartment (the passenger). Generally, the bag is woven by nylon 6, 6 filament yarns, which are in demand in large quantities because of its high strength and weight, convenient extension, the corresponding thermal properties and relatively low cost of production. Other features needed are high tear, high anti-seam slippage, controlled air permeability and be capable of it wrapped in a confined space for more than ten years without deterioration.
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material use
Air bags are mainly made of high tenacity multifilament nylon 6, 6 in the quality of the yarn fineness of 210, 420-840 day, although some of the polyester, and even some nylon 6 is used. As Nylon 6 is softer, it is used to minimize skin abrasion. The airbag fabric is not dyed, but it must be scoured to remove impure substances, which could encourage mold or other problems. Airbags are designed in a compact size, plain fabrics.
amount of fabric needed to make the airbag depends on where in the car, a market it služi.Tkanine used to produce the driver and passenger airbags are quiet different. Most of the driver's side air bags are coated with lower den yarn that gives a powerful and easy to weave tkanine.Blazi allowed stronger nylon 6, 6 yarns that create fabrics with lighter weight, less stiffness and better packagabiIity.
fabric used to manufacture passenger airbags generally uncoated. These types of passenger bags are larger, so that creates less gas pressures, with inflation over time, and has a gas that is hladnije.Sastavni yarns are relatively difficult day. Normally, air bag fabrics are made of rapier weaving machines or air jet looms with electronic Dobbies.
Airbag fabric varieties
at Air bags are lined with neoprene and nylon woven 6, 6, but later, lighter and thinner silicone coated version follows. Subsequently, however, uncoated fabrics are pojavili.Većina these fibers are coated with an elastomeric material such as neoprene or silikon.Dugotrajni popularity of coated materials for airbags is seen due to its ability to operate as a heat shield and the comparative ease that design engineers can expect spread of performance in their use.
Although there are some real problems with the airbags coated, covering their large thickness, the inability to be folded into small spaces and slope decline over time. Coated fab ¬ RICS are easy to cut and sew and air porosity can be well managed.
disadvantages associated with coated airbags and subsequent replacement of uncoated materials is a guarantee significant progress between two sectors industrije.Uncoated air bags can be recycled easily. The first development came from the yarn and fabric manufacturers, which also developed a performance fabric. Their gas permeability has fallen under some scrutiny because of the way uncoated fabric gas leaks and determine the ability of an air cushion to withstand the impact. The second development comes from the inflator manufacturers, who have begun to replace the original inflator, which releases the air to devices that emits a beam such as argon and helium. This is greatly beneficial because these gases are equally effective at lower temperatures and less discharge of hot particles.
The final process of the airbag fabric
After weaving, the airbag fabric washing to reduce the size. In order to obtain accurate air permeability, air bag fabric may be calendered. Besides its effect on air permeability for weaving and finishing, accurate bandwidth control can be achieved by coating. When the airbag material is completed, it is sewn together,. Best practice is to use it with a laser
Air bags are sewn in nylon 6, 6, polyester and Kevlar aramid yarn, sewing patterns and density is selected to maximize efficiency. When the bag is sewn into the cover is folded. Packaging should be licensed for tethers connected to the bag to manage the operation. Finally, the cover can be placed on the bag to protect it from abrasion.
Airbag Size
Airbag Size
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Suppliers
In the airbag, there are mainly five suppliers of the airbag module itself, which represents 32 percent of the value jastuka.Ključ air bag control unit has four suppliers represent 24 percent of value, a portion of the belt system has two suppliers with 31 percent of contributions. However, the remaining part with only 13 percent of the value of airbags has more than 40 suppliers.
In the airbag, there are mainly five suppliers of the airbag module itself, which represents 32 percent of the value jastuka.Ključ air bag control unit has four suppliers represent 24 percent of value, a portion of the belt system has two suppliers with 31 percent of contributions. However, the remaining part with only 13 percent of the value of airbags has more than 40 suppliers.
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two years back INVISTA, formerly DuPont Textiles and Interiors, has also expanded nylon 6, 6 fiber production capacity, totaling 7.5 kilotons (kt.) in two facilities, one in Qing Dao, China, and the other in Gloucester, UK.
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a wide range of highly specialized polyamide 6.6 airbag yarns, Enka nylon, made by Polymide High Performance at its Obernburg (Germany) and Scottsboro (Alabama / USA) plant.
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Zapata Corporation in December 2005 announced it has completed its sale of 4,162,394 shares of Safety Components International, Inc., a private equity investor Wilbur L. Ross, Jr. for nearly $ 51.2 million. Zapata's stake stands for almost 77.3 percent of the security components of the "total common shares. Safety Components is an independent producer of air bags and textile companies are mainly used for automobile safety air bags in a niche industrial and commercial applications. Safety Components based in Greenville, South Carolina, has a factory located in North America, Europe, China and South Africa.
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Takata is a manufacturer of automobile seat belts. Takata started researching the technology belt in 1952. After eight years of research and development Takata became the first company to offer safety belts as standard equipment on the market of Japan in 1960. In the early 1970s, Takata worked with NHTSA to meet the new demands of high-speed crash test, and delivered the first system absorbs the energy band pass 30 mph crash test. Irvin Automotive another company in the Takata Corporation. Irvin makes armrests, cargo cover, molded console, seats and sun visors.
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Narricot Industries, LP, located in Southampton, Pennsylvania, is a manufacturer of woven narrow fabrics in North America. With manufacturing facilities in Boykins and South Hill, Virginia, Narricot is the number one supplier of belt webbing to the North American automotive industry.
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Toray Industries, Inc., which makes nylon 6, 6 fibers and textiles for use in automotive air bags, planned to start production base fabrics for automotive airbags in its Czech subsidiary of textiles in January 2006.The company plans to invest in the necessary equipment for its subsidiary Toray Textiles Central Europi.Proizvodnje is projected to 600,000 meters in 2006 and 4 million meters in 2010. Currently, it seems Toray fabrics in Japan, Thailand and China mainly for the air bags used in Japanese cars.
Performance tests and standards
Many individual tests carried out with the airbag yarn and fabric is said that the number of 50 godina.ASTM, SAE and automotive passenger Res ¬ traint Council (AORC) have established various standards that express the appropriate tests for airbags.
seat belts
band of energy absorbing device which is designed so that the burden imposed on the victims body during a crash to survivable limits. Basically, it is designed to offer not recoverable extension to reduce deceleration forces that the body encounters in the accident. Do not recoverable extension is important to prevent users from being restrained in their seats and maintain whiplash immediately after the collision. To prevent multiple belts of payments after the accident, the belt has an automatic locking device known as the inertia kolut.Učinkovit seatbelt will allow its wearer to move forward a maximum of about 30 cm to avoid contact with any fixed parts of the vehicle.
band of energy absorbing device which is designed so that the burden imposed on the victims body during a crash to survivable limits. Basically, it is designed to offer not recoverable extension to reduce deceleration forces that the body encounters in the accident. Do not recoverable extension is important to prevent users from being restrained in their seats and maintain whiplash immediately after the collision. To prevent multiple belts of payments after the accident, the belt has an automatic locking device known as the inertia kolut.Učinkovit seatbelt will allow its wearer to move forward a maximum of about 30 cm to avoid contact with any fixed parts of the vehicle.
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band of energy absorbing device which is designed so that the burden imposed on the victims body during a crash to survivable limits. Basically, it is designed to offer not recoverable extension to reduce deceleration forces that the body encounters in the accident. Do not recoverable extension is important to prevent users from being restrained in their seats and maintain whiplash immediately after the collision. To prevent multiple belts of payments after the accident, the belt has an automatic locking device known as the inertia kolut.Učinkovit seatbelt will allow its wearer to move forward a maximum of about 30 cm to avoid contact with any fixed parts of the vehicle.
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It is believed that seat belts were invented simultaneously in America, as well as Švedska.Jedina difference is that the American band the band to encircle the waist and the Swedish band is diagonal band made for the defense of the upper body. Now, a mixture of two designs is the most prevalent arrangement is called a 3-point belt, which is secured with two clips on the floor and third on the side or pole. Racing drivers to wear the other samples, particularly the two shoulder straps and lap pojas.Najraniji automotive seat belts are set up and were adjustable in order to fit holder ručno.Automatsko belt replaces the sample holder by providing more room for movement.
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performance standards
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Conclusion
There is no doubt that airbags help save lives, but at times they can also be a source of serious injury. Searching for a unique smart airbags, which can be seen the size of the passenger or whether the seat is empty and react in this way, is in progress. Such 'smart' airbag is mounted sensors to judge the weight, size and location of car passengers, and thus set more appropriately.
There is no doubt that airbags help save lives, but at times they can also be a source of serious injury. Searching for a unique smart airbags, which can be seen the size of the passenger or whether the seat is empty and react in this way, is in progress. Such 'smart' airbag is mounted sensors to judge the weight, size and location of car passengers, and thus set more appropriately.
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